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Fire Extinguisher Basics

Fire extinguisher mounted on a kitchen wall for quick access.

Fire extinguishers are an important first line of defense when a small fire starts in the home. Knowing how to choose, place, and use an extinguisher can help you act quickly and safely. 

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Most home fire extinguishers are ABC extinguishers, designed to put out:

A: Ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth

B: Flammable liquids such as grease, gasoline, or oil

C: Electrical fires from appliances, wiring, or outlets

Graphic titled “Types of Fire Extinguishers” showing a table with columns for Fire Class, Common Causes, Extinguisher Type, and Key Things to Know. It lists Class A (wood, paper, cloth – water extinguisher), Class B (liquids, gas, oil – foam or CO₂), Class C (electrical equipment – CO₂ or dry chemical), Class D (combustible metals – dry powder), and Class K (cooking oils and fats – wet chemical). DHSEM and New Mexico State Fire Marshal logos appear at the top.

Placement in the home

  • Keep at least one extinguisher on each level of your home.
  • Place extinguishers where they are easy to reach—near exits, in the kitchen, garage, and workshop.
  • Do not store extinguishers near ovens, stoves, or space heaters.
Fire extinguisher mounted inside a kitchen cabinet under a sink, next to cleaning supplies and visible plumbing pipes

How to use a fire extinguisher using the P.A.S.S Method 

Remember the P.A.S.S. method:

  • Pull the pin 
  • Aim at the base of the fire 
  • Squeeze the handle 
  • Sweep side to side 

Only use an extinguisher if the fire is small, contained, and you have a clear path to exit. If the fire grows or smoke builds quickly, get out and call 9-1-1.

Watch how to safely use a fire extinguisher with this PASS method demonstration.

 

Maintenance and inspection 

  • Check the pressure gauge monthly. The needle should be in the green zone. 
  • Make sure the nozzle and pin are intact and unobstructed. 
  • Replace or service any extinguisher that is damaged, expired, or discharged. 
    Fire extinguisher diagram labeling the handle, pin, hose, and gauge.

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    Santa Fe, NM 87502

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